Rapua ngā tuhinga ruku tātari

The Te Urewera Report addresses some 40 Treaty claims lodged between 1987 and 2003 by Māori from iwi and hapu living in the Te Urewera district. The inquiry district stretches inland from Ohope in the Bay of Plenty to just south of Lake Waikaremoana.

The Tribunal panel comprised Judge Patrick Savage (presiding), Ann Parsonson, Tuahine Northover, and Joanne Morris. The panel convened for 11 weeks between November 2003 and February 2005, with hearings held at Waimana, Waiohau, Ruatāhuna, Murupara, Te Whāiti, Waikaremoana, Rangiahua, Ruātoki, and Maungapōhatu.

The report was released in eight volumes.

Volume I begins by examining the tribal landscape of Te Urewera. It describes the hapu and iwi of the inquiry district, their origins and settlement of Te Urewera, and their development over generations leading up to substantial contact with Europeans in the 1860s. It goes on to discuss the Tuhoe ‘constitutional claim’, which concerns the Treaty implications regarding the fact that Tuhoe did not sign the Treaty of Waitangi. It then looks at the confiscation of a large tract of Maori land in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the military expeditions launched by the Crown into Te Urewera from 1869 to 1871, following the alliance of Tuhoe and Ngati Whare with the messianic leader Te Kooti. 

Volume II discusses the Crown’s military operations in the upper Wairoa and Waikaremoana region in 1865 and 1866 before detailing the events leading up to the Crown’s acquisition of over 178,000 acres of customary Māori land to the south east of Lake Waikaremoarana (the ‘four southern blocks’). The volume then examines the development of the council Te Whitu Tekau established by Tuhoe and Ngati Whate, which gave effect to their autonomy following the end of military conflict in the district in 1871, and the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896, from which the Crown granted Te Urewera Māori powers of self-government and collective tribal control of their lands.

Volume III reviews claims concerning the Native Land Court and the massive loss of land that took place in the blocks encircling the Urewera District Native Reserve (the ‘rim blocks’) before focusing on how Ngati Haka Patuheuheu lost ownership of their customary land at the Waiohau block through fraud. The volume then considers the claims of Te Whanau a Kai, Te Aitanga a Mahaki, Tuhoe, and Ngati Kahungunu regarding their respective blocks in the Tahora 2 lands.  

Volume IV looks at why the promise of the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896 – which was to provide for Tuhoe self-government through a General Committee – was not fulfilled and whether the Crown was to blame for the demise of the reserve and the loss of much of the land it was supposed to protect. It also covers the Urewera Consolidation Scheme, which was designed to consolidate into a single vast block the many interests the Crown had purchased in the Urewera reserve and separate it from the remaining Maori lands.

Volume V examines the impacts that the Crown’s failure to properly implement the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896 had on the mana motuhake (autonomy) and mana whenua of the people of Te Urewera. It then describes the painful history of the creation of Te Urewera National Park before discussing the circumstances leading up to the arrest of Tuhoe spiritual leader Rua Kenana Hepetipa.

Volume VI concerns two forms of Crown intervention in the economic opportunities available to the peoples of Te Urewera in the twentieth century: the channelling of State funds into Maori farming and the imposing of blanket restrictions on the logging of native timber on Maori land for the greater part of the period since the 1930s. It goes on to consider a number of grievances specific to the district before detailing the long-running dispute between the Crown and Maori regarding the ownership of Lake Waikaremoana.

Volume VII canvasses the massive environmental changes that have occurred in the district since the 1890s as well as considers a number of discrete claims in four broad categories: claims relating to public works, claims relating to rating, claims relating to cultural property, and claims relating to schools in the district.

Volume VIII concludes the report with the reality of everyday life for Maori in Te Urewera from the 1890s until the Tribunal hearings in the first decade of the twenty-first century and describes the socio-economic effects of the various Crown Treaty breaches identified in the report. The volume also includes the appendixes, glossary, and bibliography.